Journal
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 35, Issue 45, Pages 15073-15081Publisher
SOC NEUROSCIENCE
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1087-15.2015
Keywords
fragile X syndrome; long-term depression; mGluR; neurodevelopmental disorder; STED; SynGAP
Categories
Funding
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council studentship
- Medical Research Council [G0700967, MR/K014137/1]
- Patrick Wild Centre
- RS MacDonald Charitable Trust
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression Young Investigator grant from the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation
- France-BioImaging [ANR-10-INSB-04]
- Medical Research Council [MR/M006336/1, G0700967, MR/K014137/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Wellcome Trust [104116/Z/14/Z] Funding Source: researchfish
- MRC [MR/M006336/1, G0700967, MR/K014137/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Wellcome Trust [104116/Z/14/Z] Funding Source: Wellcome Trust
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Previous studies have hypothesized that diverse genetic causes of intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) converge on common cellular pathways. Testing this hypothesis requires detailed phenotypic analyses of animal models with genetic mutations that accurately reflect those seen in the human condition (i.e., have structural validity) and which produce phenotypes that mirror ID/ASDs (i.e., have face validity). We show that SynGAP haploinsufficiency, which causes ID with co-occurring ASD in humans, mimics and occludes the synaptic pathophysiology associated with deletion of the Fmr1 gene. Syngap(+/-) and Fmr1(-/y) mice show increases in basal protein synthesis and metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR)-dependent long-term depression that, unlike in their wild-type controls, is independent of new protein synthesis. Basal levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2 are also elevated in Syngap(+/-) hippocampal slices. Super-resolution microscopy reveals that Syngap(+/-) and Fmr1(-/y) mice show nanoscale alterations in dendritic spine morphology that predict an increase in biochemical compartmentalization. Finally, increased basal protein synthesis is rescued by negative regulators of the mGlu subtype 5 receptor and the Ras-ERK1/2 pathway, indicating that therapeutic interventions for fragile X syndrome may benefit patients with SYNGAP1 haploinsufficiency.
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