Journal
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
Volume 113, Issue 10, Pages 3798-3815Publisher
AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1152/jn.00923.2014
Keywords
anesthesia; ferret; isoflurane; frequency structure; prefrontal cortex
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Funding
- University of North Carolina Psychiatry
- Foundation of Hope
- National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R01-MH-101547]
- European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7)/ERC [257253]
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine
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During general anesthesia, global brain activity and behavioral state are profoundly altered. Yet it remains mostly unknown how anesthetics alter sensory processing across cortical layers and modulate functional cortico-cortical connectivity. To address this gap in knowledge of the micro-and mesoscale effects of anesthetics on sensory processing in the cortical microcircuit, we recorded multiunit activity and local field potential in awake and anesthetized ferrets (Mustela putoris furo) during sensory stimulation. To understand how anesthetics alter sensory processing in a primary sensory area and the representation of sensory input in higher-order association areas, we studied the local sensory responses and long-range functional connectivity of primary visual cortex (VI) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Isoflurane combined with xylazine provided general anesthesia for all anesthetized recordings. We found that anesthetics altered the duration of sensory-evoked responses, disrupted the response dynamics across cortical layers, suppressed both multimodal interactions in VI and sensory responses in PFC, and reduced functional cortico-cortical connectivity between VI and PFC. Together, the present findings demonstrate altered sensory responses and impaired functional network connectivity during anesthesia at the level of multiunit activity and local field potential across cortical layers.
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