Sleep-Wake Disorders in StrokeIncreased Stroke Risk and Deteriorated Recovery? An Evaluation on the Necessity for Prevention and Treatment

Purpose of ReviewSleep-wake disorders (SWD) are common not only in the general population but also in stroke patients, in whom SWD may be pre-existent or appear de novo as a consequence of brain damage. Despite increasing evidence of a negative impact of SWD on cardiocerebrovascular risk, cognitive functions, and quality of life, SWD are insufficiently considered in the prevention and management of patients with stroke. This narrative review aims at summarizing the current data on the bidirectional link between SWD and stroke.Recent FindingsSeveral studies have demonstrated that sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is an independent risk factor for stroke and has a detrimental effect on stroke recovery. Short and long sleep duration and possibly other SWD (e.g., insomnia, circadian rhythm disorders) may also increase the risk of stroke and influence its outcome. Data on SDB treatment increasingly indicate a benefit on stroke risk and evolution while treatment of other SWD is still limited.SummaryA systematic search for SWD in stroke patients is justified due to their high frequency and their negative impact on stroke outcomes. Clinicians should actively consider available treatment options.