Journal
CURRENT NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE REPORTS
Volume 12, Issue 4, Pages 367-375Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11910-012-0282-7
Keywords
Urate; Parkinson's disease; Oxidative stress; Clinical trial; Antioxidant; Neuroprotectant; Neurodegeneration; Neuroprotection; Biomarker; Disease modifier; Neurodegenerative diseases; Purine; Risk factor
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [K24NS060991]
- US Department of Defense [W81XWH-11-1-0150]
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Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with characteristic motor manifestations. Although appreciation of PD as a multisystem disorder has grown, loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra remains a pathological and neurochemical hallmark, accounting for the substantial symptomatic benefits of dopamine replacement therapies. However, currently no treatment has been shown to prevent or forestall the progression of the disease in spite of tremendous efforts. Among multiple environmental and genetic factors that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of PD, oxidative stress is proposed to play a critical role. A recent confluence of clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory evidence identified urate, an antioxidant and end product of purine metabolism, as not only a molecular predictor for both reduced risk and favorable progression of PD but also a potential neuroprotectant for the treatment of PD. This review summarizes recent findings on urate in PD and their clinical implications.
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