Journal
CURRENT MOLECULAR MEDICINE
Volume 9, Issue 6, Pages 673-682Publisher
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD
DOI: 10.2174/156652409788970670
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Funding
- Chiles Foundation
- Robert W. Franz
- Prostate Cancer Foundation
- Kuni Foundation
- Providence Medical Foundation
- Murdock Trust
- Chiles Visiting Fellow
- [R01 CA107243]
- [R01 CA102577]
- [R01 CA122701]
- [R01 CA109563]
- [R01 CA80964]
- [R01 CA119123]
- [R21 CA123864]
- [DAMD 17-03-1-0097]
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Since multiple lines of experimental and clinical data clearly identified regulatory T cells as an integral part of the immune response, these cells have become a major focus of investigation in tumor immunology. Regulatory T cells are in place to dampen ongoing immune responses and to prevent autoimmunity, but they also have profound effects in blocking therapeutic anti-tumor activity. Therefore regulatory T cells are seen as a major hurdle that must be overcome in order for cancer immunotherapy to reach its therapeutic potential. Regulatory T cells are heterogeneous with sub-populations that exhibit distinct functional features. Here we will review the individual sub-populations in regards to their mode of action and their potential impact on blocking anti-tumor immunity. Approaches to measure function and frequency of regulatory T cells in model systems and clinical trails will be discussed. Finally, we will describe possible ways to interfere with regulatory T cell-mediated immune suppression with the focus on recent pre-clinical and clinical findings.
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