Journal
CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 18, Issue 28, Pages 4335-4343Publisher
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD
DOI: 10.2174/092986711797200426
Keywords
AD; ALS; EPO; HD; HIF-1; PD; VEGF; protein modification; prolyl hydroxylase inhbitor; iron chelator; 2-oxoglutarate analogues; cobalt
Funding
- NIH [R01NS058807, PO1AG17490, AG037319]
- Alzheimer Association
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Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a transcriptional factor responsible for cellular and tissue adaption to low oxygen tension. HIF-1, a heterodimer consisting of a constitutively expressed beta subunit and an oxygen-regulated alpha subunit, regulates a series of genes that participate in angiogenesis, iron metabolism, glucose metabolism, and cell proliferation/survival. The activity of HIF-1 is controlled by post-translational modifications on different amino acid residues of its subunits, mainly the alpha subunit. Besides in ischemic stroke (see review [1]), emerging evidence has revealed that HIF-1 activity and expression of its down-stream genes, such as vascular endothelial growth factor and erythropoietin, are altered in a range of neurodegenerative diseases. At the same time, experimental and clinical evidence has demonstrated that regulating HIF-1 might ameliorate the cellular and tissue damage in the neurodegenerative diseases. These new findings suggest HIF-1 as a potential medicinal target for the neurodegenerative diseases. This review focuses on HIF-1 alpha protein modifications and HIF-1's potential neuroprotective roles in Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD), Huntington's diseases (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
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