Journal
CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 16, Issue 5, Pages 615-626Publisher
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD
DOI: 10.2174/092986709787458506
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; autophagy; endoplasmic reticulum; ER stress; ERAD; neurodegeneration; Parkinson's disease; proteasome; protein quality control; ubiquitin; unfolded protein response
Funding
- Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research [836.05.060]
- VENI [916.76.013]
- Internationale Stichting Alzheimer Onderzoek (ISAO) [05508, 07506]
- European commission
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Neurodegenerative disorders are often characterized by the aggregation and accumulation of misfolded proteins (e. g. Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). Aggregated proteins are very toxic to cells in culture and both in vitro and in vivo there is overwhelming evidence that these aberrant proteins are key players in neurodegeneration. Protein quality control is a cellular defense mechanism against misfolded proteins that prevents aggregate formation under physiological conditions. The presence of accumulated aggregates of misfolded proteins in many neurodegenerative disorders, suggests that protein quality control failed to restore homeostasis in these pathological conditions. In fact, evidence from observations in cellular disease models, mouse models, as well as from post mortem patient material indicates activation of the quality control machinery in response to the pathological process. In addition, interference with protein quality control by genetic or chemical manipulation often results in aggregate formation and neurodegeneration. This stresses the importance of proper quality control in neurodegenerative disorders and indicates that it may provide a target for therapeutic intervention. In this review we will focus on the protein quality control systems in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and address the involvement of ER quality control in neurodegenerative disease as well as its potential as therapeutic target.
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