Journal
CURRENT ATHEROSCLEROSIS REPORTS
Volume 16, Issue 7, Pages -Publisher
CURRENT MEDICINE GROUP
DOI: 10.1007/s11883-014-0423-3
Keywords
Abetalipoproteinemia; Apolipoprotein B; Chylomicron retention disease; Combined hypolipidemia; Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia; Hypobetalipoproteinemia; Low-density lipoprotein
Categories
Funding
- National Health and Medical Research Council [1010133]
- Royal Perth Hospital Medical Research Foundation
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Primary hypobetalipoproteinemia refers to an eclectic group of inherited lipoprotein disorders characterized by low concentrations of or absence of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B in plasma. Abetalipoproteinemia and homozygous familial hypobetalipoproteinemia, although caused by mutations in different genes, are clinically indistinguishable. A framework for the clinical follow-up and management of these two disorders has been proposed recently, focusing on monitoring of growth in children and preventing complications by providing specialized dietary advice and fat-soluble vitamin therapeutic regimens. Other recent publications on familial combined hypolipidemia suggest that although a reduction of angiopoietin-like 3 activity may improve insulin sensitivity, complete deficiency also reduces serum cholesterol efflux capacity and increases the risk of early vascular atherosclerotic changes, despite low low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Specialist laboratories offer exon-by-exon sequence analysis for the molecular diagnosis of primary hypobetalipoproteinemia. In the future, massively parallel sequencing of panels of genes involved in dyslipidemia may play a greater role in the diagnosis of these conditions.
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