Journal
CURRENT ATHEROSCLEROSIS REPORTS
Volume 16, Issue 5, Pages -Publisher
CURRENT MEDICINE GROUP
DOI: 10.1007/s11883-014-0410-8
Keywords
Endothelial; Diabetes; Glycocalyx; Proteoglycans; Fenestrae; Glomerular filtration; Fibrosis; Ischaemia; Hypoperfusion; Capillary rarefaction; Endothelial-mesenchymal transition; Vascular endothelial growth factor; Transforming growth factor-beta
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Funding
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada
- Kidney Foundation of Canada
- Canada Research Chair Program
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Diabetes is characterised by widespread endothelial cell dysfunction that underlies the development of both the micro-and macrovascular complications of the disease, including nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, and non-proliferative retinopathy. In the kidney, major changes are noted in glomerular endothelial cell structure in their fenestrations and glycocalyx. These changes, along with endothelial cell loss and capillary rarefaction in both the glomerulus and tubulointerstitium, lead to the progressive loss of glomerular filtration that render diabetes the most common cause of end-stage renal disease in much of the developed world. New treatments in diabetes that directly address the abnormal structure and function of the endothelial cell are desperately needed.
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