Journal
JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY
Volume 281, Issue -, Pages 23-34Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.03.006
Keywords
Multiple sclerosis; Smoking; Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; Renin-angiotensin-system
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Funding
- Institute for Neurological Research Dr. Raul Carrea, FLENI
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Smoking worsens multiple sclerosis (MS) prognosis. Our study provides evidence that indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity is reduced in MS patients who smoke, leading to increased production of IL-6 and IL-13. Additionally, both degree of expression and renin-angiotensin system activity levels were increased in MS patients who smoked, inducing increase in IL-17 and IL-22-producing cell numbers as well as significantly greater production of CCL2, CCL3 and CXCL10 chemokines by monocytes. Finally, both pathways contributed to a significant decrease in the number of CD4+CD25+FoxP3 + regulatory T cells in MS patients who smoked. Both pathways could be responsible for the association between smoking and MS risk. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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