Low-temperature preparation of bismuth ferrite microcrystals by a sol-gel-hydrothermal method

Well-crystallized pure perovskite bismuth ferrite (BiFeO(3)) powders with various morphologies have been synthesized by a novel sol-gel-hydrothermal route for the first time, which combined the conventional sol-gel process and the hydrothermal method. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and ferroelectric test system. The results revealed that the compositions, morphological and dimensional changes in bismuth ferrite samples synthesized by sol-gel-hydrothermal method strongly depend on the concentrations of mineralizer. Ferroelectric hysteresis loops are displayed in the BiFeO(3) samples. The bismuth ferrites were hydrothermally synthesized at as low a temperature as 180 degrees C, which is comparatively lower than that synthesized by the normal sol-gel route. The formation mechanism of the bismuth ferrite crystalline was also discussed. (C) 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim