Journal
CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN
Volume 14, Issue 4, Pages 1659-1665Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/cg401777x
Keywords
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Funding
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) [DE003223]
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Hydroxyapatite (HAP) participates in vertebral bone and tooth formation by a nonclassical hitherto unknown nucleation mechanism, in which amorphous precursors form and transform during long induction periods. Elucidation of the mechanism by which amorphous precursors assemble and transform is essential to understanding how hard tissues form in vivo and will advance the design and fabrication of new biomaterials. The combination of conductance and potentiometric techniques to monitor Ca-P mineral formation has given new insight into the mechanism of nucleation. Differences detected in the dehydration rates of calcium and phosphate ions, indicate the formation of nonequilibrium calcium-deficient clusters. The aggregation of these clusters forms a calcium-deficient amorphous phase I [Ca-(HPO4)(1+x)center dot nH(2)O](2x-)) early in the induction period, which slowly transforms to amorphous phase II [Ca-(HPO4)center dot mH(2)O] by dehydration. Precritical nuclei form within amorphous phase II later in the induction period, leading to mineral formation.
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