Journal
CROATIAN MEDICAL JOURNAL
Volume 53, Issue 6, Pages 518-528Publisher
MEDICINSKA NAKLADA
DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2012.53.518
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Funding
- Alzheimer's Research Trust (UK) [ART/PG2004A/1]
- National Science Foundation [CBET 0943343]
- Grant Agency of the Czech Republic [GACR 305/08/1384]
- Spanish Government
- ISCIII-Subdireccion General de Evaluacion y Fomento de la Investigacion [PI10/02738]
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Chem, Bioeng, Env, & Transp Sys [943343] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Astroglia is a main type of brain neuroglia, which includes many cell sub-types that differ in their morphology and physiological properties and yet are united by the main function, which is the maintenance of brain homeostasis. Astrocytes employ a variety of mechanisms for communicating with neuronal networks. The communication mediated by neurotransmitter glutamate has received a particular attention. Glutamate is de novo synthesized exclusively in astrocytes; astroglia-derived glutamine is the source of glutamate for neurons. Glutamate is released from both neurons and astroglia through exocytosis, although various other mechanisms may also play a role. Glutamate-activated specific receptors trigger excitatory responses in neurons and astroglia. Here we overview main properties of glutamatergic transmission in neuronal-glial networks and identify some future challenges facing the field.
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