Journal
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
Volume 56, Issue 5, Pages 802-816Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.727917
Keywords
Fruit and vegetables; macronutrient; micronutrient; dietary intake; randomized controlled trials
Categories
Funding
- MRC [G0901793, MR/K023241/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Medical Research Council [G0901793, MR/K023241/1] Funding Source: Medline
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Increasing fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption is associated with reduced risk of major diseases. However, it is unclear if health benefits are related to increased micronutrient intake or to improvements in overall diet profile.This review aimed to assess if increasing FV consumption had an impact on diet profile. In the systematic review, 12 studies revealed increases in micronutrient intakes, whilst the meta-analysis confirmed macronutrient findings from the systematic review showing no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in energy (kcals) in seven studies (mean difference = 1 kcals [95% CI = -115, 117]; p = 0.98), significant decreases in total fat (% energy) in five studies (Mean difference = -4% [95% CI = -5, -3]; p = < 0.00001) and significant increases in fiber in six studies (Mean difference = 5.36g [95% CI = 4, 7]; p = < 0.00001) and total carbohydrate (% energy) in four studies (Mean = 4% [95% CI= 2, 5]; p = < 0.00001).In conclusion, results indicate that increased FV consumption increases micronutrient, carbohydrate and fiber intakes and possibly reduces fat intake, with no overall effect on energy intake. Therefore health benefits may act through an improvement in overall diet profile alongside increased micronutrient intakes.
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