Journal
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
Volume 55, Issue 11, Pages 1590-1617Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.710279
Keywords
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs); polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs); polychlororinated biphenyls (PCBs); human exposure; occurrence in foods; bioaccumulation; methods of removal; health effects
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Funding
- EU FEDER funds
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Dioxins include polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and part of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Only the compounds that are chlorinated at the 2,3,7, and 8 positions have characteristic dioxin toxicity. PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs accumulate in the food chain due to their high lipophilicity, high stability, and low vapor pressure. They are not metabolized easily; however their hydroxylated metabolites are detected in feces. They cause a wide range of endocrine disrupting effects in experimental animals, wildlife, and humans. Endocrine related effects of PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs on thyroid hormones, neurodevelopment and reproductive development were referenced. In addition, some studies of contamination of foods, bioaccumulation, dietary exposure assessment, as well as challenges of scientific research in these compounds were reviewed.
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