Journal
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
Volume 36, Issue 1, Pages 99-107Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.924474
Keywords
Application; biosynthesis; fumurase; l-malic acid; one-step fermentation secretion
Categories
Funding
- Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China [2013BAB01B05]
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l-Malic acid has many uses in food, beverage, pharmaceutical, chemical and medical industries. It can be produced by one-step fermentation, enzymatic transformation of fumaric acid to l-malate and acid hydrolysis of polymalic acid. However, the process for one-step fermentation is preferred as it has many advantages over any other process. The pathways of l-malic acid biosynthesis in microorganisms are partially clear and three metabolic pathways including non-oxidative pathway, oxidative pathway and glyoxylate cycle for the production of l-malic acid from glucose have been identified. Usually, high levels of l-malate are produced under the nitrogen starvation conditions, l-malate, as a calcium salt, is secreted from microbial cells and CaCO3 can play an important role in calcium malate biosynthesis and regulation. However, it is still unclear how it is secreted into the medium. To enhance l-malate biosynthesis and secretion by microbial cells, it is very important to study the mechanisms of l-malic acid biosynthesis and secretion at enzymatic and molecular levels.
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