An Overview of the Generations and Recent Versions of Flow Injection Techniques

The ever increasing demand for rapid, cost-effective, practically-safe, and environmentally-benign analytical methods has aroused researchers to develop automated, miniaturized, versatile, and inexpensive analytical techniques. Flow injection (FI) techniques were well-established to meet the requirements of modern chemical analysis. The family of FI techniques includes three generations, flow injection analysis (FIA), sequential injection analysis (SIA), and bead injection analysis (BIA). In addition, new versions of SIA, micro-SIA-lab-on-valve (SIA-LOV), and sequential injection chromatography (SIC), have recently been developed for more downscaling analysis and broadening applications. In the literature, we have not found a comprehensive and updated manuscript presenting all generations and recent versions of FI techniques. Therefore, the current manuscript briefly demonstrates the principles, developments, and applications of the FI techniques along with their consequent generations and recent versions.