Identification by photoelectrochemistry of oxide phases grown during the initial stages of thermal oxidation of AISI 441 ferritic stainless steel in air or in water vapour

Room temperature photoelectrochemistry was used to characterise oxide phases grown during the initial stages of oxidation of the ferritic stainless steel AISI441 at 650 degrees C and 850 degrees C in synthetic air or in water vapour. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy were additionally used to discuss PEC results. Haematite Fe2O3 (similar to 2.0 eV), chromia Cr2O3 (3.0 and 3.5 eV) and their mutual solid solution (similar to 2.5 eV) were detected by their respective bandgap values determined from photocurrent vs. energy curves. The Cr/Fe ratio of the films increased with time/temperature and was higher in air-grown than in H2O-grown oxides. Observation of photocurrent vs. potential curves indicated that chromia was N-type in all specimens, resulting from thermodynamic equilibrium with the metallic substrate and not with the gas phase. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.