Journal
CORROSION SCIENCE
Volume 51, Issue 12, Pages 2932-2941Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2009.08.022
Keywords
Archaeological artefacts; Steel; Marine corrosion; Sulphate-reducing bacteria; Rust
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An iron ingot immersed during 2000 years at 12 m depth in the sea has been examined with the help of a combination of microscale techniques. This methodology allowed us to show that the main phase precipitated during the immersion is an iron hydroxychloride (beta-Fe-2(OH)(3)Cl) that is characteristic of corrosion in anoxic and chlorinated medium. Moreover locally on the external part of the corrosion products sulphur containing phases have been identified as mackinawite (FeS) in nanocrystalline or slightly oxidised state. The presence of this phase could be explained by the activity of sulphate-reducing bacteria. The presence of beta-Fe-2(OH)(3)Cl could be interpreted via a thermodynamic modelling taking into account the environmental conditions. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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