Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Perfusion Imaging in High-Risk Smokers and Smoking-Related COPD: Correlations with Pulmonary Function Tests and Quantitative Computed Tomography

The study aimed to prospectively evaluate correlations between dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MR perfusion imaging, pulmonary function tests (PFT) and volume quantitative CT in smokers with or without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to determine the value of DCE-MR perfusion imaging and CT volumetric imaging on the assessment of smokers. According to the ATS/ERS guidelines, 51 male smokers were categorized into five groups: At risk for COPD (n = 8), mild COPD (n = 9), moderate COPD (n = 12), severe COPD (n = 10), and very severe COPD (n = 12). Maximum slope of increase (MSI), positive enhancement integral (PEI), etc. were obtained from MR perfusion data. The signal intensity ratio (R-SI) of the PDs and normal lung was calculated (R-SI = SIPD/SInormal). Total lung volume (TLV), total emphysema volume (TEV) and emphysema index (EI) were obtained from volumetric CT data. For at risk for COPD, the positive rate of PDs on MR perfusion images was higher than that of abnormal changes on non-enhanced CT images (p < 0.05). Moderate-to- strong positive correlations were found between all the PFT parameters and SIPD, or R-SI (r range 0.445 similar to 0.683, p <= 0.001). TEV and EI were negatively correlated better with FEV1 /FVC than other PFT parameters (r range -0.48 - -0.63, p < 0.001). There were significant differences in R-SI and SIPD between at risk for COPD and very severe COPD, and between mild COPD and very severe COPD. Thus, MR perfusion imaging may be a good approach to identify early evidence of COPD and may have potential to assist in classification of COPD.