Journal
COORDINATION CHEMISTRY REVIEWS
Volume 257, Issue 17-18, Pages 2589-2606Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.03.020
Keywords
Delivery systems; Hybrid materials; Molecular gates; Sensing; Theranostics
Categories
Funding
- Innovationsfonds (BAM/Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie)
- Spanish Government [MAT2012-38429-C04-01]
- Generalitat Valenciana [PROMETEO/2009/016]
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Hybrid nanoparticles with a large specific surface area are a particularly exciting vehicle for delivery applications. Such highly porous or container-like structures, usually prepared from silica and frequently from gold, can incorporate a large number of chemical substances such as drug and/or indicator molecules. When equipped with a chemically or physically addressable gating function at the openings of the voids, the release of the cargo can be controlled at will. Because many more molecules can be stored as cargo in the pores of the support than there are functional groups as anchoring sites for the gating entities attached to the outer surface (for efficient pore capping), the systems possess inherent features of (signal) amplification. The present article will introduce various design strategies for different types of physical (light, temperature, magnetism) and chemical (pH, metal ions, anion, small organic molecules, enzymes) stimuli in connection with drug and indicator release. We will highlight exciting aspects of combining both features in theranostic applications and will stress which requirements still have to be met by many of the systems to be readily applicable in a sensory context. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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