Journal
CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING
Volume 8, Issue 6, Pages 475-486Publisher
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1574
Keywords
Gd-complex; MRI; hypotonic swelling; cell labeling; Paramagnetic complexes
Funding
- EU-FP7 integrated project ENCITE
- Cost Action (Theragnostics Imaging and Therapy) [TD1004]
- Italian Minister of Research [PRIN 2009235JB7]
- Italian Consortium CIRCMSB
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Cells incubated in hypo-osmotic media swell and their membranes become leaky. The flow of water that enters the cells results in the net transport of molecules present in the incubation medium directly into the cell cytoplasm. This phenomenon has been exploited to label cells with MRI Gd-containing contrast agents. It has been found that, in the presence of 100mm Gd-HPDO3A in an incubation medium characterized by an overall osmolarity of 160mOsml(-1), each cell is loaded with amounts of paramagnetic complex ranging from 2x10(9) to 2x10(10) depending on the cell type. To obtain more insight into the determinants of cellular labeling by the hypo-osmotic shock' methodology, a study on cell viability, proliferation rate and cell morphology was carried out on J774A.1 and K562 cells as representative of cells grown in adhesion and suspended ones, respectively. Moreover a comparison of the efficiency of the proposed method with established cell labeling procedures such as pinocytosis and electroporation was carried out. Finally, the effects of the residual electric charge, the size and some structural features of the metal complex were investigated. In summary, the hypotonic shock' methodology appears to be an efficient and promising tool to pursue cellular labeling with paramagnetic complexes. Its implementation is straightforward and one may foresee that it will be largely applied in in vitro cellular labeling of many cell types. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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