Journal
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
Volume 189, Issue -, Pages 1113-1123Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.09.065
Keywords
Class F fly ash geopolymer; Ambient curing; Portland cement; Setting time; Reaction kinetics; Structural formation; Compressive strength
Categories
Funding
- NWO (The Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research) [12824]
- Building Materials research group at TU Eindhoven: Rijkswaterstaat Grote Projecten en Onderhoud
- Graniet-Import Benelux
- Kijlstra Betonmortel
- Struyk Verwo
- Attero
- Enci
- Rijkswaterstaat Zee en Delta-District Noord
- Van Gansewinkel Minerals
- BTE
- V.d. Bosch Beton
- Selor
- GMB
- Icopal
- BN International
- Eltomation, Knuaf Gips
- Hess AAC Systems
- Kronos
- Joma
- CRH Europe Sustainable Concrete Centre
- Cement Beton Centrum
- Heros
- Inashco
- Keim
- Sirius International
- Boskalis
- NNERGY
- Millvision
- Sappi and Studio Roex
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This study addresses the influence of a small Portland cement addition on the reaction kinetics and phase evolution of ambient cured class F fly ash-based geopolymer. The results show that setting time and reaction kinetics can be controlled by tailoring the precursor and activator characteristics, primarily the Ca/Si molar ratio. Calcium ions, dissolved from cement phases, contribute to a faster precipitation of products and in consequence, to a denser microstructure of composite pastes and a higher early age mechanical performance. However, excessive cement content impedes the gel formation due to hindered hydration of cement in high alkalinity at later ages and low compatibility between calcium deficient and calcium rich phases which lower the silica availability. It is found that the optimal dosage of cement in fly ash F based geopolymeric system is depending on the total silica content, 5 wt% and 7.5 wt% for silicate based activator with a silica modulus of 1.2 and 1.5, respectively. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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