Journal
CONDOR
Volume 111, Issue 1, Pages 169-176Publisher
COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1525/cond.2009.080042
Keywords
Call type; lodgepole pine; Loxia; reproductive isolation; South Hills Crossbill; speciation
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Funding
- Sawtooth National Forest Service
- Idaho Fish and Game Department
- National Science Foundation [DEB-0212271, DEB0435923]
- CWB and supplemental RET [DEB-0435923, DEB-0422576, DEB-0620261]
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The Red Crossbill (Loxia curvirostra complex) endemic to the South Hills and Albion Mountains in southern Idaho has coevolved in a predator-prey arms race with the lodgepole pine (Pines contorta latifolia). The resulting divergent selection has favored a sedentary, locally adapted crossbill population whose size and vocalizations differ from those of co-occurring Red Crossbills of other call types. It has also led to high levels of reproductive isolation between the South Hills crossbill and nomadic taxa with different vocalizations that move in and out of the area yearly. Genetic analyses of amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) indicate that about 5% of the loci in the South Hills Crossbill have diverged in spite of the potentially homogenizing influence of gene flow. Given these differences in genetics, morphology, and behavior, and the high level of reproductive isolation in sympatry with other call types (99% of South Hills Crossbills pair assortatively), we recommend that this crossbill be recognized as a distinct species.
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