Journal
COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS
Volume 53, Issue 3, Pages 413-435Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00466-013-0962-4
Keywords
Ultrasound contrast agents; Encapsulated microbubbles; Liposomes; Drug delivery
Funding
- NIH [1R01 CA 113746, 1R01 CA 132034]
- NSF [DMR 1005011, DMR-1005283]
- CBET [1033256, 1205322]
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Chem, Bioeng, Env, & Transp Sys [1205322] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Materials Research
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1239105] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Materials Research
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1306154, 1005011] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Micron- to nanometer-sized ultrasound agents, like encapsulated microbubbles and echogenic liposomes, are being developed for diagnostic imaging and ultrasound mediated drug/gene delivery. This review provides an overview of the current state of the art of the mathematical models of the acoustic behavior of ultrasound contrast microbubbles. We also present a review of the in vitro experimental characterization of the acoustic properties of microbubble based contrast agents undertaken in our laboratory. The hierarchical two-pronged approach of modeling contrast agents we developed is demonstrated for a lipid coated (Sonazoid and a polymer shelled (poly D-L-lactic acid) contrast microbubbles. The acoustic and drug release properties of the newly developed echogenic liposomes are discussed for their use as simultaneous imaging and drug/gene delivery agents. Although echogenicity is conclusively demonstrated in experiments, its physical mechanisms remain uncertain. Addressing questions raised here will accelerate further development and eventual clinical approval of these novel technologies.
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