Journal
COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
Volume 90, Issue -, Pages 265-275Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.commatsci.2014.03.044
Keywords
Functionally graded foam (FGF); Three-point bending; Multiobjective optimization; Crashworthiness; Kriging model; Energy absorption
Categories
Funding
- The National 973 Project of China [2011CB711205]
- The National Natural Science Foundation of China [11202072]
- The Hunan Provincial Science Foundation of China [13JJ4036]
- Ministry of Education of China [20120161120005]
- China Scholarship Council (CSC)
- University of Sydney
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Foam-filled thin-walled tubes have proven an ideal energy absorber in automotive industry for its extraordinary energy-absorbing ability and lightweight potential. Unlike existing uniform foam (UF), this paper introduces functionally graded foam (FGF) to fill into the thin-walled structure subjected to lateral impact loading, where different configurations of foam grading (axial FGF and two transverse FGFs) are considered. To systematically investigate the bending behavior of this novel structure, numerical model is established using nonlinear finite element analysis code LS-DYNA and then is validated against the experiment. Through parametric study, it is found that the FGF tube absorbs more energy but may produce larger force than the UF counterpart. In addition, various parameters have a considerable effect on the crashworthiness performance of the FGF filled tube. Finally, multiobjective optimizations of UF and FGF filled columns are conducted, aiming to improve the specific energy absorption (SEA) and reduce the maximum impact force simultaneously, based upon the multiobjective particle optimization (MOPSO) algorithm and Kriging modeling technique. The optimization results show that all the FGF filled tubes can produce better Pareto solutions than the ordinary UF counterpart. Furthermore, the axial FGF tube provides better energy absorption characteristics than the two types of transverse FGF tubes. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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