Journal
COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE
Volume 30, Issue 1, Pages 48-70Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8640.2012.00463.x
Keywords
agents competition; automated negotiation; human; computer interaction; bilateral negotiation
Categories
Funding
- NSF grant [0705587]
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory
- U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-08-1-0144]
- ERC grant [267523]
- Dutch Technology Foundation STW, applied science division of NWO
- Ministry of Economic Affairs
- VIVI [08075]
- Div Of Information & Intelligent Systems
- Direct For Computer & Info Scie & Enginr [0705587] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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The design of automated negotiators has been the focus of abundant research in recent years. However, due to difficulties involved in creating generalized agents that can negotiate in several domains and against human counterparts, many automated negotiators are domain specific and their behavior cannot be generalized for other domains. Some of these difficulties arise from the differences inherent within the domains, the need to understand and learn negotiators' diverse preferences concerning issues of the domain, and the different strategies negotiators can undertake. In this paper we present a system that enables alleviation of the difficulties in the design process of general automated negotiators termed Genius, a General Environment for Negotiation with Intelligent multi-purpose Usage Simulation. With the constant introduction of new domains, e-commerce and other applications, which require automated negotiations, generic automated negotiators encompass many benefits and advantages over agents that are designed for a specific domain. Based on experiments conducted with automated agents designed by human subjects using Genius we provide both quantitative and qualitative results to illustrate its efficacy. Finally, we also analyze a recent automated bilateral negotiators competition that was based on Genius. Our results show the advantages and underlying benefits of using Genius and how it can facilitate the design of general automated negotiators.
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