4.4 Article

Antibacterial Mode of Action of Cinnamomum verum Bark Essential Oil, Alone and in Combination with Piperacillin, Against a Multi-Drug-Resistant Escherichia coli Strain

Journal

JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
Volume 25, Issue 8, Pages 1299-1306

Publisher

KOREAN SOC MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1407.07054

Keywords

Cinnamomum verum; essential oil; chemical composition; antibacterial activity; membrane permeability; quorum sensing

Funding

  1. Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) from the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE), Malaysia [FRGS/1/2011/SKK/IMU/03/3]
  2. University of Malaya for the High Impact Research Grant (HIR/MOHE) [A000001-50001]

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This study aims to investigate the mechanism of action of the cinnamon bark essential oil (CB), when used singly and also in combination with piperacillin, for its antimicrobial and synergistic activity against beta-lactamase TEM-1 plasmid-conferred Escherichia coli J53 R1. Viable count of bacteria for this combination of essential oil and antibiotic showed a complete killing profile at 20 h and further confirmed its synergistic effect by reducing the bacteria cell numbers. Analysis on the stability of treated cultures for cell membrane permeability by CB when tested against sodium dodecyl sulfate revealed that the bacterial cell membrane was disrupted by the essential oil. Scanning electron microscopy observation and bacterial surface charge measurement also revealed that CB causes irreversible membrane damage and reduces the bacterial surface charge. In addition, bioluminescence expression of Escherichia coli [pSB1075] and E. coli [pSB401] by CB showed reduction, indicating the possibility of the presence of quorum sensing (QS) inhibitors. Gas-chromatography and mass spectrometry of the essential oil of Cinnamomum verum showed that trans-cinnamaldehyde (72.81%), benzyl alcohol (12.5%), and eugenol (6.57%) were the major components in the essential oil. From this study, CB has the potential to reverse E. coli J53 R1 resistance to piperacillin through two pathways; modification in the permeability of the outer membrane or bacterial QS inhibition.

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