Journal
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 155, Issue 3, Pages 341-349Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.11.019
Keywords
Heavy metals; Artificial neural networks; Crassostrea virginica; Lipid peroxidation; Glutathione; Acid-base balance; Hemolymph PO2
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Funding
- NOAA's Center of Excellence in Oceans and Human Health
- National Science Foundation
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Heavy metals, such as copper, zinc and cadmium, represent some of the most common and serious pollutants in coastal estuaries. In the present study, we used a combination of linear and artificial neural network (ANN) modelling to detect and explore interactions among low-dose mixtures of these heavy metals and their impacts on fundamental physiological processes in tissues of the Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. Animals were exposed to Cd (0.001-0.400 mu M), Zn (0.001-3.059 mu M) or Cu (0.002-0.787 mu M), either alone or in combination for 1 to 27 days. We measured indicators of acid-base balance (hemolymph pH and total CO2), gas exchange (Po-2), immunocompetence (total hemocyte counts, numbers of invasive bacteria), antioxidant status (glutathione, GSH), oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation; LPx), and metal accumulation in the gill and the hepatopancreas. Linear analysis showed that oxidative membrane damage from tissue accumulation of environmental metals was correlated with impaired acid-base balance in oysters. ANN analysis revealed interactions of metals with hemolymph acid-base chemistry in predicting oxidative damage that were not evident from linear analyses. These results highlight the usefulness of machine learning approaches, such as ANNs, for improving our ability to recognize and understand the effects of subacute exposure to contaminant mixtures. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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