Journal
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES
Volume 78, Issue 1, Pages 61-68Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.02.012
Keywords
XPS; Poly(methylmethacrylate); Surface modification; Proteins; Biosensor
Funding
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Queen's University
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X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has been used to characterize a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) surface with covalently attached proteins. The PMMA surfaces were first aminatecl using hexamethyldiamine: the resulting-NH2 sites were reacted with the hetero-bifunctional cross-linker Sulfo-EMCS to form a maleimide-terminated surface. The N-hydroxysuccinimide ester terminal and maleimide terminal groups of Sulfo-EMCS reacts with amine and sulfhydryl groups, respectively, exposed collie surface of the proteins. This study characterizes Thermotoga maritima beta-glucosidase 1 (TmGH1), which belongs to a family of proteins that facilitate hydrolysis of glucose-related monomers with retention of conformation. The surfaces were characterized by XPS to monitor surface composition, and to elucidate protein orientation on the surface. Results suggest that a covalently bonded surface of TmGH1 on PMMA has been obtained. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using XIS to study protein surface chemistry and demonstrate a useful method to anchor cysteine-terminated proteins for the purposes of creating biosensors or platforms for mechanical force experiments to investigate protein structure. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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