Preparation of titania hollow particles with independently controlled void size and shell thickness by catalytic templating core-shell polymer particles

Organic/inorganic hybrids were prepared by catalytic hydrolysis and subsequent polycondensation of tetra-n-butyl titanate (TnBT) in shell layers grafted on core particles. The core particles were synthesized by emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization of styrene, N-n-butyl-N-2-methacryloyloxyethyl-N,N-dimethylammonium bromide (C(4)DMAEMA), and 2-chloropropionyloxyethyl methacrylate using 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride as an initiator. The core diameters were controlled in the range of 70-550 nm by adjusting a C(4)DMAEMA feed concentration. The core-shell particles were prepared by surface-initiated activator generated electron transfer-atom transfer radical polymerization of 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA). The sizes of core-shell particles were found to increase monotonically with an increase in a DMAEMA concentration. The hybrid particles were fabricated by adding TnBT into a water/ethanol dispersion of core-shell particles. The amounts of titania deposited increased in proportion to the grafted amounts of poly[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] on the core particles. The X-ray diffraction measurement revealed that the hollow titania particles obtained by heat treatment of hybrids have an anatase crystallographic phase.