Sport-Specific Biomechanics of Spinal Injuries in the Athlete (Throwing Athletes, Rotational Sports, and Contact-Collision Sports)

Athletes consistently recruit or transfer high levels of repetitive force through the spine and injuries to the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine are relatively common. The paper's introduction includes a review of the functional anatomy of the spine as it relates to movements of the spine during sporting activities. Following the review of functional anatomy the paper will review special considerations and rehabilitation of spinal injuries in various sports. The specific sports reviewed in this paper will include the overhead throwing athlete in crewing, golf, football, soccer, baseball, and tennis.