Status of vitamin D, antioxidant enzymes, and antioxidant substances in neonates with neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

Objective: To investigate the concentration of vitamin D (VD), glutathione peroxidase (GP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Material and methods: This study was performed prospectively in term neonates treated for HIE. Samples were collected from the neonates in study and control groups at 6-14 h and on day 5 of their lives for 25-OH vitaminD3, antioxidant enzymes including GP and SOD and oxidants substances including MDA and AOPP. Results: This study was performed with 31 term neonates with HIE and 30 healthy term neonates. Maternal VD level was statistically lower in the study group (9.8 +/- 6.8 ng/mL) than the control (16.4 +/- 8.7 ng/mL) (p = 0.002). SOD and MDA levels were significantly high, and VD level was significantly low in the study group on the first day of life (p = 0.001 and p = 0.028, respectively). SOD and GP levels were significantly high in the study group on day 5 (p<0.05). VD was significantly low in the study group on day 5 and the proportion of subjects with VD below 5 ng/ml was significantly lower in the control group (p = <0.05). Conclusion: VD has neuroprotective and antioxidant properties. We detected VD levels were low in infants with HIE and their mothers. This finding may be useful for decreasing of brain damage.