Risk factors for early primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation: a registry study

Background: Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a leading cause of early morbidity and mortality in lung transplantation. We sought to identify risk factors for PGD using the United Network for Organ Sharing/International Society for Heart and Lung Transplant (UNOS/ISHLT) Registry. Methods: A total of 6984 lung transplants between 1994 and 2002 were available for analysis. Potential risk factors were tested for association with PGD and multivariable logistic regression was applied to adjust for confounding. Results: The overall incidence of PGD was 10.7% (95% CI 9.9-11.4). In multivariable analyses, factors independently associated with PGD were donor age > 45 yr (p < 0.001); donor head trauma (p = 0.03); recipient body mass index > 25 kg/m2 (p = 0.005); recipient female gender (p = 0.001); use of Eurocollins preservation solution (p = 0.001); single lung transplant (p = 0.005); increased ischemic time (p < 0.001); and elevated recipient pulmonary artery systolic pressure at transplant (p < 0.001). Recipient transplant diagnosis was strongly associated with PGD, with primary or secondary pulmonary hypertension (p < 0.001 for both), and idiopathic (p < 0.001) or secondary pulmonary fibrosis (p = 0.011) as significant and independent risk factors for PGD. Conclusions: Risk factors for PGD in the UNOS/ISHLT registry are consistent with prior smaller studies. Recipient, donor, and therapy variables are independently associated with PGD, as defined in a large registry.