On the relationship between gingival biotypes and gingival thickness in young Caucasians

Objectives: To evaluate a possible relationship between gingival biotypes and gingival thickness, papilla height and gingival width. Material and methods: Thirty-six adult subjects were stratified by their gingival biotype (GB), as defined by transparency of a periodontal probe through the buccal gingival margin, into thin (18 subjects) and thick (18 subjects) GB. Out of these, extreme cases (6 very thin, 6 very thick) were identified. Four different parameters were assessed: gingival thickness (GT), papilla height (PH), probing depth (PD) and gingival width (GW). Results: When comparing thin and thick GB, midfacial GT (0.40 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.72 +/- 0.11 mm; P < 0.0001), PH (3.76 +/- 0.50 vs. 3.95 +/- 0.41 mm, P = 0.02) and GW (3.01 +/- 1.26 vs. 4.63 +/- 0.86 mm, P = 0.04) were lower in the thin GB group. Further stratification into moderately and extremely thin/thick GB eliminated the differences between the moderate groups. Conclusion: Our data support the traditional hypothesis that two different gingival biotypes with concomitant properties distinguishable by gingival transparency exist. In addition, we provide evidence that an alternative classification into very thick, moderate and very thin biotypes might be advantageous, because the unique properties were seemingly primarily driven by subjects with extreme values.