Clinical, histologic and histomorphometric evaluation of socket preservation using a synthetic nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite in comparison with a bovine xenograft: a randomized clinical trial

Objectives The aim of this study was to compare a nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (NCHA), NanoBone (R) and a deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM), Bio-Oss (R) with a collagen membrane on the horizontal ridge width alterations following tooth extraction, in addition to histologic aspects of the grafted extraction sockets. Material and methods In this randomized clinical trial, 28 symmetrical, non-molar, extraction sockets using a split-mouth design in 12 patients (eight women and four men; aged 2160; mean 44.6 similar to +/-similar to 11.4 similar to years), were randomly selected in the first group to be grafted with DBBM granules covered with a collagen membrane and in the other group grafted with NCHA covered with a collagen membrane. Following extraction horizontal ridge width was measured using caliper and was blindly compared to the dimensions measured prior to implant placement, at the 6- to 8-month follow-up. Subsequently, a 2 similar to x similar to 6 similar to mm trephine core was obtained with aid of acrylic stent and routine histologic preparation was performed on the specimens. Results The width of the DBBM group decreased from 7.75 similar to +/-similar to 1.55 to 6.68 +/- 1.85 similar to mm (P < 0.05), whereas the width of the NCHA group decreased from 7.36 similar to +/-similar to 1.94 to 6.43 similar to +/-similar to 2.08 similar to mm (P < 0.05). The mean between-group difference did not reach statistical significance (P similar to=similar to 0.62). Furthermore, histologic and histomorphometric analyses revealed 28.63 similar to +/-similar to 12.53% vital bone in NCHA group vs. 27.35 similar to +/-similar to 12.39% in DBBM group, and no statistically significant difference between the groups (P similar to=similar to 0.68). Conclusion Socket preservation using either NCHA or DBBM in combination with collagen membrane, results in similar, limited horizontal ridge width alterations following tooth extraction.