Associations of CXCL16/CXCR6 with carotid atherosclerosis in patients with metabolic syndrome

Background & aims: Chemokine CXC ligand 16 (CXCL16) has chemokine, adhesion molecule and scavenger receptor functions involving the immune function. Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease. We aimed to study the association of chemokine CXCL16/CXCR6 and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with metabolic syndrome. Methods: Carotid ultrasonography was determined in 30 patients with metabolic syndrome and 30 controls. The mRNA levels of CXCL6/CXCR6 were detected by real-time RT-PCR. The activation of T cells and expression of OCCR6 in T lymphocyte cells and natural killer T (NKT) cells was detected by flow cytometry. The serum level of sol-CXCL6 was determined by ELISA. Results: Compared with controls, patients with metabolic syndrome showed significantly increased waist circumference and levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (all P < 0.001), with increased abnormalities of the structure and function of the carotid artery (P < 0.05). In metabolic syndrome, the levels of sol-CXCL16 and CXCL16mRNA were increased and associated with max IMT and plague index. Patients with metabolic syndrome showed increased number of CXCR6+ T cells and CXCR6+ NKT cells, which was associated with max IMT and plague index. Conclusions: CXCL16 and CXCR6 may be associated the formation of carotid atherosclerotic plague in metabolic syndrome, and T cells may be the important effector cells in the pathogenesis of the atherosclerosis. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.