Journal
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
Volume 54, Issue 41, Pages 11978-11982Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504839
Keywords
catecholamines; electrochemistry; exocytosis; nanoelectrodes; vesicles
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Funding
- European Research Council (Advanced Grant)
- Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation
- Swedish Research Council (VR)
- National Institutes of Health
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The quantification of vesicular transmitter content is important for studying the mechanisms of neurotransmission and malfunction in disease, and yet it is incredibly difficult to measure the tiny amounts of neurotransmitters in the attoliter volume of a single vesicle, especially in the cell environment. We introduce a novel method, intracellular vesicle electro-chemical cytometry. A nanotip conical carbon-fiber micro-electrode was used to electrochemically measure the total content of electroactive neurotransmitters in individual nano-scale vesicles in single PC12 cells as these vesicles lysed on the electrode inside the living cell. The results demonstrate that only a fraction of the quantal neurotransmitter content is released during exocytosis. These data support the intriguing hypothesis that the vesicle does not open all the way during the normal exocytosis process, thus resulting in incomplete expulsion of the vesicular contents.
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