Journal
JOURNAL OF MATERIAL CYCLES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT
Volume 18, Issue 4, Pages 655-664Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10163-015-0360-4
Keywords
End-of-Life Vehicle (ELV); Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV); NiMH battery; Rare earth element (REE); Recovery potential
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Funding
- Ministry of the Environment, Japan [K123001]
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Increasing attention is currently given to the management of end-of-life (EoL) hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), because approximately two decades have passed since they were first introduced to the market. A HEV would be one of the largest consumers of rare earth elements (REEs), and hence represents the greatest potential for REE recovery in the future. The purpose of this study is to clarify the present and future recovery potential of REEs that are disposed of as EoL HEVs. This study first estimated the numbers of EoL HEVs during fiscal years (FYs) 2010-2030, and then clarified the potential for recovery of REEs from two HEV-specific components-the hybrid transmission and NiMH battery unit. The results suggest that 0.51-0.65 million HEVs will reach the EoL stage in FY2030, compared with only 11,000 HEVs in FY2010. As of FY2030, REE recovery potentials will increase to 220 tons and 2900 tons for EoL hybrid transmission and NiMH battery units, respectively. A total of 49,000 tons of REEs will be contained within HEV-specific components of HEVs still in use. Moreover, the potential for recovery of REEs from EoL hybrid transmissions and NiMH battery units is estimated to equal 35.4 and 92.1 % of respective demand.
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