Journal
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
Volume 119, Issue 12, Pages 2738-2752Publisher
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2008.09.010
Keywords
Response inhibition; Attention; Event-related brain potentials; Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; Nogo-N2; Nogo-P3
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Funding
- Netherlands Organization of Scientific Research (NWO) [400-05-132]
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Objective: Response inhibition and attention processing in 5- to 7-year-old children with or without symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were examined. Methods: Twelve children with ADHD symptoms and 15 control children performed a CPT-AX task. Behavioral Measures of inattention and impulsivity and ERP measures of conflict monitoring and inhibition (Nogo-N2 and Nogo-P3), cue-orientation and prestimulus target expectation (CUe-P2 and P3) and response preparation (CNV) were collected. Results: ADHD children detected fewer targets and had higher Inattention scores accompanied by reduced centro-parietal Cue- and Go-P3 activity. Occipital CNV amplitude was larger in ADHD children. At fronto-central leads, strong and comparable fronto-parietal Nogo-N2 effects were found in both groups, whereas the Nogo-P3 was only marginally significant in both groups. Conclusions: The attenuated Cue- and Go-P3 effects in the ADHD-symptom group are interpreted as early signs of delayed attention development, resulting in less preparation and less alertness to detect significant events. Whereas the Nogo-N2 effects were interpreted as signs of comparable levels of conflict processing in both groups, the small Nogo-P3 suggests that inhibitory processing is still immature at this age. Significance: The present Study shows that specific attention problems can already be detected in the behavior and brain activity of 5- to 7-year-old children with symptoms of ADHD performing a CPT-AX task, and might be better indicators for the risk of developing ADHD than impulsivity measures. (c) 2008 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All Fights reserved.
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