Journal
CLINICAL NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSURGERY
Volume 119, Issue -, Pages 125-132Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2013.12.004
Keywords
Gliomas; Immunology; Regulatory T-cells
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Funding
- Visionary Fund Grant
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research UCLA Scholars in Translational Medicine Program Award
- Stein Oppenheimer Endowment Award
- STOP CANCER Jason Dessel Memorial Seed Grant
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Despite recent advances in treatment, the prognosis for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains poor. The lack of response to treatment in GBM patients maybe attributed to the immunosuppressed microenvironment that is characteristic of invasive glioma. Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) are immunosuppressive T-cells that normally prevent autoimmunity when the human immune response is evoked; however, there have been strong correlations between glioma-induced immunosuppression and Tregs. In fact, induction of Treg activity has been correlated with glioma development in both murine models and patients. While the exact mechanisms by which regulatory T-cells function require further elucidation, various cytokines such as interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-beta (TFG-beta) have been implicated in these processes and are currently under investigation. In addition, hypoxia is characteristic of tumor development and is also correlated with downstream induction of Tregs. Due to the poor prognosis associated with immunosuppression in glioma patients, Tregs remain a promising area for immunotherapeutic research. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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