Journal
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS
Volume 31, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00085-17
Keywords
bacteriology; Crohn's disease; Enterobacteriaceae; gastrointestinal disease; infections; inflammatory bowel disease; Proteus
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Funding
- Dora Lush postgraduate scholarship from National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)
- St Vincent's Research Endowment Fund
- Australasian Gastro Intestinal Research Foundation
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute
- University of Queensland
- Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust
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Proteus species, members of the Enterobacteriaceae family, are usually considered commensals in the gut and are most commonly recognized clinically as a cause of urinary tract infections. However, the recent identification of Proteus spp. as potential pathogens in Crohn's disease recurrence after intestinal resection serves as a stimulus to examine their potential role as gut pathogens. Proteus species possess many virulence factors potentially relevant to gastrointestinal pathogenicity, including motility; adherence; the production of urease, hemolysins, and IgA proteases; and the ability to acquire antibiotic resistance. Gastrointestinal conditions that have been linked to Proteus include gastroenteritis (spontaneous and foodborne), nosocomial infections, appendicitis, colonization of devices such as nasogastric tubes, and Crohn's disease. The association of Proteus species with Crohn's disease was particularly strong. Proteus species are low-abundance commensals of the human gut that harbor significant pathogenic potential; further investigation is needed.
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