Journal
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS
Volume 26, Issue 2, Pages 289-307Publisher
AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00001-13
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Funding
- Pfizer (Europe)
- B. Braun (Germany)
- Centre de Recherche Clinique at the Geneva University Hospitals
- European Commission (CHAMP network)
- European Commission (MOSAR network)
- European Commission (SATURN network)
- European Commission (AIDA network)
- European Commission (R-Gnosis network)
- European Commission (Rapp-ID network)
- European Commission (COMBACTE network)
- AstraZeneca
- Basile Pharmaceutica Ltd.
- Cempra Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Da Volterra
- Durata Therapeutics Inc.
- Intercell AG
- Johnson Johnson Inc.
- Merck Co. Inc.
- Proteologics Ltd.
- Rib-X Pharmaceuticals
- European Commission FP7 SATURN [241796]
- European Commission FP7 AIDA [278348]
- European Commission FP7 R-GNOSIS [282512]
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Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a growing clinical problem and public health threat. Antibiotic use is a known risk factor for the emergence of antibiotic resistance, but demonstrating the causal link between antibiotic use and resistance is challenging. This review describes different study designs for assessing the association between antibiotic use and resistance and discusses strengths and limitations of each. Approaches to measuring antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance are presented. Important methodological issues such as confounding, establishing temporality, and control group selection are examined.
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