Journal
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
Volume 20, Issue 12, Pages O1075-O1083Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12756
Keywords
Ampicillin plus ceftriaxone; antimicrobial treatment; Enterococcus faecalis; high-level aminoglycoside resistance; infective endocarditis; outcomes
Categories
Funding
- 'Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Instituto de Salud Carlos III' (Madrid, Spain)
- Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases [REIPI RD06/0008]
- 'Fundacion Maximo Soriano Jimenez' (Barcelona, Spain)
- 'Fundacion Carolina-BBVA' (Madrid, Spain)
- Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
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The aim of this study was to assess changes in antibiotic resistance, epidemiology and outcome among patients with Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis (EFIE) and to compare the efficacy and safety of the combination of ampicillin and gentamicin (A+G) with that of ampicillin plus ceftriaxone (A+C). The study was a retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort of EFIE patients treated in our centre from 1997 to 2011. Thirty patients were initially treated with A+G (ampicillin 2g/4h and gentamicin 3mg/kg/day) and 39 with A+C (ampicillin 2g/4h and ceftriaxone 2g/12h) for 4-6weeks. Increased rates of high-level aminoglycoside resistance (HLAR; gentamicin MIC 512mg/L, streptomycin MIC 1024mg/L or both) were observed in recent years (24% in 1997-2006 and 49% in 2007-2011; p0.03). The use of A+C increased over time: 1997-2001, 4/18 (22%); 2002-2006, 5/16 (31%); 2007-2011, 30/35 (86%) (p<0.001). Renal failure developed in 65% of the A+G group and in 34% of the A+C group (p0.014). Thirteen patients (43%) in the A+G group had to discontinue treatment, whereas only one patient (3%) treated with A+C had to discontinue treatment (p<0.001). Only development of heart failure and previous chronic renal failure were independently associated with 1-year mortality, while the individual antibiotic regimen (A+C vs. A+G) did not affect outcome (OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.2-2.2; p0.549). Our study shows that the prevalence of HLAR EFIE has increased significantly in recent years and that alternative treatment with A+C is safer than A+G, with similar clinical outcomes, although the sample size is too small to draw firm conclusions. Randomized controlled studies are needed to confirm these results.
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