Journal
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Volume 60, Issue 4, Pages 639-645Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu849
Keywords
tuberculosis; isoniazid; preventive therapy; HIV; durability
Categories
Funding
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [19790.01]
- National Institutes of Health Fogarty International Center [U2RTW006885]
- National Institutes of Health [AI066994, AI001637]
- Johns Hopkins University Center for AIDS Research [P30 AI094189]
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico
- Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Apoio a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Ask authors/readers for more resources
Background. The duration of protection against tuberculosis provided by isoniazid preventive therapy is not known for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals living in settings of medium tuberculosis incidence. Methods. We conducted an individual-level analysis of participants in a cluster-randomized, phased-implementation trial of isoniazid preventive therapy. HIV-infected patients who had positive tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) were followed until tuberculosis diagnosis, death, or administrative censoring. Nelson-Aalen cumulative hazard plots were generated and hazards were compared using the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to investigate factors associated with tuberculosis diagnosis. Results. Between 2003 and 2009, 1954 patients with a positive TST were studied. Among these, 1601 (82%) initiated isoniazid. Overall tuberculosis incidence was 1.39 per 100 person-years (PY); 0.53 per 100 PY in those who initiated isoniazid and 6.52 per 100 PY for those who did not (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.17; 95% confidence interval [CI],.11-. 25). Receiving antiretroviral therapy at time of a positive TST was associated with a reduced risk of tuberculosis (aHR, 0.69; 95% CI, .48-1.00). Nelson-Aalen plots of tuberculosis incidence showed a constant risk, with no acceleration in 7 years of follow-up for those initiating isoniazid preventive therapy. Conclusions. Isoniazid preventive therapy significantly reduced tuberculosis risk among HIV-infected patients with a positive TST. In a medium-prevalence setting, 6 months of isoniazid in HIV-infected patients with positive TST reduces tuberculosis risk over 7 years of follow-up, in contrast to results of studies in higher-burden settings in Africa.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available