Journal
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Volume 58, Issue 3, Pages 381-391Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/cid/cit643
Keywords
tuberculosis; contact; drug resistance; transmission
Categories
Funding
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [5R01AI089349]
- Einstein-Montefiore Center for AIDS Research [P30 AI 051519]
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Contact investigations among individuals living with drug-susceptible tuberculosis patients (source cases) have shown a high yield of tuberculosis disease and latent tuberculosis, but the yield of such investigations in households of drug-resistant tuberculosis source cases is unknown. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we found 25 studies that evaluated a median of 111 (interquartile range, 21-302) household contacts of drug-resistant tuberculosis source cases. The pooled yield was 7.8% (95% CI, 5.6%-10.0%) for active tuberculosis and 47.2% (95% CI, 30.0%-61.4%) for latent tuberculosis, although there was significant statistical heterogeneity (P < .0001). More than 50% of secondary cases with drug susceptibility test results were concordant with those of the source case. Among studies that followed household members, the majority of secondary cases were detected within 1 year of the source case's diagnosis. Household contact investigation around drug-resistant tuberculosis patients is a high-yield intervention for detection of drug-resistant tuberculosis and prevention of ongoing transmission.
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