Severe Postvaccinia Encephalitis with Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis: Recovery with Early Intravenous Immunoglobulin, High-Dose Steroids, and Vaccinia Immunoglobulin

We report the second case of severe postvaccinial encephalitis with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis since smallpox vaccination was reintroduced in 2002. Both affected patients responded dramatically with early intervention of intravenous immunoglobulin. Our patient, who also received concurrent vaccinia immunoglobulin and corticosteroids, demonstrated full recovery.