Vitamin D deficiency is associated with tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection in immigrants from Sub-Saharan Africa

Among African immigrants in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, we demonstrated lower geometric mean vitamin D levels in immigrants with latent tuberculosis infection than in those with no Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (P = .007); such levels were also lower in immigrants with tuberculosis or past tuberculosis than in those with latent tuberculosis infection (P < .001). Higher vitamin D levels were associated with lower probability of any M. tuberculosis infection (P < .001) and lower probability of tuberculosis or past tuberculosis (compared with latent tuberculosis infection; P = .001).