Journal
JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
Volume 42, Issue 1, Pages 3-22Publisher
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24880
Keywords
MRA; contrast-enhanced MRA; time-resolved studies; fast imaging; parallel imaging
Funding
- NIH [HL070620, EB000212, RR018898]
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Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) was first introduced for clinical studies approximately 20 years ago. Early work provided 3-4 mm spatial resolution with acquisition times in the 30-second range. Since that time there has been continuing effort to provide improved spatial resolution with reduced acquisition time, allowing high resolution 3D time-resolved studies. The purpose of this work is to describe how this has been accomplished. Specific technical enablers have been: improved gradients allowing reduced repetition times, improved k-space sampling and reconstruction methods, parallel acquisition, particularly in two directions, and improved and higher count receiver coil arrays. These have collectively made high-resolution time-resolved studies readily available for many anatomic regions. Depending on the application, approximate to 1 mm isotropic resolution is now possible with frame times of several seconds. Clinical applications of time-resolved CE-MRA are briefly reviewed. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:3-22. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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