Journal
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
Volume 17, Issue 2, Pages 296-306Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.08.065
Keywords
Microbiota; Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver
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Funding
- National Research Service Award from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [2T32DK060414-16]
- Advanced/Transplant Hepatology Fellowship from the AASLD Foundation
- Alan Hofmann Clinical and Translational Research Award from the AASLD Foundation
- National Institutes of Health [R01-DK106419-02]
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The gut microbiome, a diverse microbial community in the gastrointestinal tract, plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of health. The gut microbiome metabolizes dietary and host-derived molecules to produce bioactive metabolites, which have a wide array of effects on host metabolism and immunity. ` Dysbiosis' of the gut microbiome, commonly considered as perturbation of microbiome diversity and composition, has been associated with intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A number of endogenous and exogenous factors, such as nutritional intake and xenobiotic exposure, can alter the gut microbiome. We will review the evolving methods for studying the gut microbiome and how these profiling techniques have been utilized to further our understanding of the gut microbial community composition and functional potential in the clinical spectrum of NAFLD. We will highlight microbiomehost interactions that may contribute to the pathogenesis of NAFLD, with a primary focus on mechanisms related to the metabolic output of the gut microbiome. Finally, we will discuss potential therapeutic implications of the gut microbiome in NAFLD.
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